The State government-its working and rules

D. Define the following terms.

1. Council of Ministers     

  Answer: The council of Ministers is headed by the Chief Minister and includes cabinet ministers and other ministers.

2. Deadlock

Answer: A situation where no progress can be made or no advancement is possible due to disagreement among parties or within a legislature.

3. Proportional representation

Answer : An electoral system in which seats in a legislature are allocated to political parties in proportion to the number of votes each party receives in an election.

4. Simple majority system

Answer: An election system in which the candidate or party that recieves more votes, than any other wins. It does not require an absolute majority.

E. Very short answer questions.

1. What is federalism?

Answer: Federalism is s system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units (like states and provinces.

2. How are the powers of a state government divided?

Answer: The powers of a state government are divided into three branches : the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary.

3. Write about the term of the Legislative Assembly.

Answer: The term of the Legislative Assembly is typically five years, unless dissolved sooner.

4. When are the sessions of the Legislative Assembly held?

Answer: Sessions are held at regular intervals, usually including Budget, Monsoon and Winter session.

5. Explain the composition of the state Legislative Council.

Answer:It’s composition includes members elected by the Legislative Assembly, graduates, teachers, and local authority members as well as members nominated by the Governor.

F. Short answer type questions

1. Describe the main functions of the state legislature

Answer: Making law,s approving the budget, debating policies, representing public interest, and holding the executive accountable.

2. Difference between the Legislative Assembly and legislative council

Answer: The Legislative Assembly is the directly elected lower house; The Legislative Council is the indirectly elected Upper house.

3. How is a Legislative Assembly constituted

Answer A Legislative Assembly is constituted through direct elections where representatives are elected by the voters in their respective constituencies. The number seats is determined based on the population of the state.

4. Mention Qualifications necessary to become an MLA

Answer:  To become a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) a person must be the citizen of the country, at least 25 years old, and meet other qualifications as specified by the electoral laws,such as not holding any office of profit under the government.

5. They Chief Minister is the real hat of the state executive elaborate

Answer: The Chief Minister is the head of the state government and leads the executive branch. They are responsible for implementing policies, overseeing the functioning of various departments, and representing the state both internally and externally.

G. Long answer type questions.

1. Describe the process by which a bill becomes a law.

Answer: A bill goes through several stages before becoming a law:

(i) Introduction: The bill is introduced in either house of the legislature.

(ii)First reading: The bill is read out and members discuss its general principles.

(iii)Committee stage: The bill is examined in detail by a committee.

(iv) Second reading: The bill is debated and may be amended.

(v) Third Reading: The final version of the bill is debated and voted on.

(vi) Approval by the other house: The bill is sent to the other house for similar consideration.

(vii) Presidential assent: If both houses pass  the bill, it is sent to the president (or governor in case of state bill) for assent.

(viii)Becoming law:  Once the president (or governor) signs the bill, it becomes law.

2. Write a short note on Council of Ministers.

Answer: The Council of Ministers composed of various ministers including Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of states and Deputy Ministers. They are responsible for different portfolios such as defense, finance, health etc. The Council of Ministers aids and advises the President (or Governor) and is collectively responsible to the legislature.

3. Explain the powers and functions of the Governor.

Answer: The Governor is the constitutional head of a state and performs various functions including:

(i) Summoning and Proroguing sessions of the state legislature.

(ii) Giving assent to bills passed by the state legislature.

(iii) Appointing the Chief Minister and other ministers.