Site 𝓝𝓲𝓻𝓾'𝓼𝓫𝓵𝓸𝓰

Featured

Bonku Babu’s Friend 14

Class — V, Subject — English, Lesson — 14 , Real English

A. Questions and answers

1.Who was Ang?

Ans : Ang was an Alien from the planet Craneus.

2. How did Ang come to earth?

Ans : Ang accidentally landed on earth when he intended to go to Pluto.

3. What did he tell Bonku Babu about his planet and about himself?

Ans : Ang felt, proud describing himself as a superior being who knew 14000 languages.

4. What impression did Ang create in Bonku Babu’s mind?

Ans : Ang’s pride and confidence left Bonku Babu feeling that Ang was a powerful and intelligent being.

5. Why did Pancha Ghosh so excited at the Sunday meeting?

Ans: Pancha Ghosh excited at the Sunday meeting because he was going to tell everyone about bamboo grove ,where all the bamboo around the pond had shed all their leaves.

6. What was the first thing that Bonku Babu did on entering Sripati Babu’s house?

Ans : Bonku Babu burst into a gaffow and laughed loudly for a whole minute as soon as he entered Sripati Babu’s house.

7. Did the meeting with Ang change Bonku Babu in any way? Give reasons for your answer.

Ans: Yes, Bonku Babu got the courage to stand up for himself after meeting Ang, because he was the only person to not make fun of him. Often people get the courage to stand up for what is right when they have get support from others.

8. Banku Babu had something to say to the people in Sripati Babu’s house. Write against each of their names what he told them.

Ans : Chandi Babu: at your age, hiding other people’s shoes and umbrellas is not just childish, but totally wrong. Kindly bring my umbrella and brown Canvas shoes to my house tomorrow.

Nidhi Babu : if you call me Bu,nkum ‘ I will call you Nitwit and you must learn to live with that.

Shripati Babu : you are an important men and must have hangers- on, but please count me out from today.

Pancha Babu: you are here as well! l Let me inform you that last night, an Ang arrived from the planet Craneus and landed on the pond in your bamboo grove. We had a long chat. The Ang was most amiable.

B2 Ang has been described as a strange creature very different from humans complete the following table with details of his appearance.

Head : Round and Shiny with no hair.

Eyes : Large, bright yellow ,growing

Ears : Tiny holes on each side of the head

Nose : no visible nose, only two holes

Mouth : A large gaping hole

Arms and legs : Long, thin arms and legs

Hair : No hair

Body : Covered with a shiny pink outfit

B3.

C1.

Match the words in Column A with those in Column B to get some commonly used compound words.

A B

arm cycle

atom friend

foot chair

lamp dream

black bomb

dark worm

glow ball

day room

pen friend

motor board

Ans : arm — chair

atom — bomb

foot — ball

lamp — post

black — board

dark — room

glow — worm

day — dream

pen — friend

motor — cycle

C2. Complete the following sentences with the compound words that you got by solving C1

1. My uncle has broad a beautiful red motorcycle which can go very fast.

2. We love playing football in the rain.

3. The teacher drew the figure of a human heart on the blackboard.

4. Divya’s grandmother had a pen friend who lived in Switzerland.

5. The lamp post outside my house broke yesterday.

6. You can see the glow worm shining in the dark forest.

7.Photographs are developed in a dark room.

8. The world will not survive if people start fighting with the atom bomb.

9. My grandfather was sleeping in his day dream.

Featured

The State government-its working and rules

D. Define the following terms.

Council of Ministers

Answer: The council of Ministers is headed by the Chief Minister and includes cabinet ministers and other ministers.

2. Deadlock

Answer: A situation where no progress can be made or no advancement is possible due to disagreement among parties or within a legislature.

3. Proportional representation

Answer : An electoral system in which seats in a legislature are allocated to political parties in proportion to the number of votes each party receives in an election.

4. Simple majority system

Answer: An election system in which the candidate or party that recieves more votes, than any other wins. It does not require an absolute majority.

E. Very short answer questions.

What is federalism?

Answer: Federalism is s system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units (like states and provinces.

2. How are the powers of a state government divided?

Answer: The powers of a state government are divided into three branches : the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary.

3. Write about the term of the Legislative Assembly.

Answer: The term of the Legislative Assembly is typically five years, unless dissolved sooner.

4. When are the sessions of the Legislative Assembly held?

Answer: Sessions are held at regular intervals, usually including Budget, Monsoon and Winter session.

5. Explain the composition of the state Legislative Council.

Answer:It’s composition includes members elected by the Legislative Assembly, graduates, teachers, and local authority members as well as members nominated by the Governor.

F. Short answer type questions

1. Describe the main functions of the state legislature

Answer: Making law,s approving the budget, debating policies, representing public interest, and holding the executive accountable.

2. Difference between the Legislative Assembly and legislative council

Answer: The Legislative Assembly is the directly elected lower house; The Legislative Council is the indirectly elected Upper house.

3. How is a Legislative Assembly constituted

Answer A Legislative Assembly is constituted through direct elections where representatives are elected by the voters in their respective constituencies. The number seats is determined based on the population of the state.

4. Mention Qualifications necessary to become an MLA

Answer: To become a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) a person must be the citizen of the country, at least 25 years old, and meet other qualifications as specified by the electoral laws,such as not holding any office of profit under the government.

5. They Chief Minister is the real hat of the state executive elaborate

Answer: The Chief Minister is the head of the state government and leads the executive branch. They are responsible for implementing policies, overseeing the functioning of various departments, and representing the state both internally and externally.

G. Long answer type questions.

1. Describe the process by which a bill becomes a law.

Answer: A bill goes through several stages before becoming a law:

(i) Introduction: The bill is introduced in either house of the legislature.

(ii)First reading: The bill is read out and members discuss its general principles.

(iii)Committee stage: The bill is examined in detail by a committee.

(iv) Second reading: The bill is debated and may be amended.

(v) Third Reading: The final version of the bill is debated and voted on.

(vi) Approval by the other house: The bill is sent to the other house for similar consideration.

(vii) Presidential assent: If both houses pass the bill, it is sent to the president (or governor in case of state bill) for assent.

(viii)Becoming law: Once the president (or governor) signs the bill, it becomes law.

2. Write a short note on Council of Ministers.

Answer: The Council of Ministers composed of various ministers including Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of states and Deputy Ministers. They are responsible for different portfolios such as defense, finance, health etc. The Council of Ministers aids and advises the President (or Governor) and is collectively responsible to the legislature.

3. Explain the powers and functions of the Governor.

Answer: The Governor is the constitutional head of a state and performs various functions including:

(i) Summoning and Proroguing sessions of the state legislature.

(ii) Giving assent to bills passed by the state legislature.

(iii) Appointing the Chief Minister and other ministers.

Map and Map Reading, Subject – Geography, Class – 6, Solved exercises

B. Fill in the blanks
1. Scale is the ratio between the distance of two places on a map and the distance of these two places on the ground.
2. A thematic map is based on some theme or specific information.
3.A plan is always drawn to scale and shows accurate dimensions.
4. The four main directions are called cardinal directions.
5. Symbols represent features that cannot be drawn on a map.

C. Match the columns
Column A
Column B
1. Model of the Earth
(e) Globe
2. South
(a) North-south direction
3. Magnetic compass
(d) Cardinal direction
4. Rough drawing
(b) Sketch
5. Signs or characters
(c) Symbols

D. Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. List the types of maps.

Answer:
The main types of maps are physical maps, political maps and thematic maps.

2. What are the components of a map?

Answer:
The main components of a map are distance, direction and symbols.

3. Symbols help read maps. Explain how.

Answer:
Symbols represent different features on a map and make maps easy to understand without writing many words.

4. What is a sketch?

Answer:
A sketch is a rough drawing of an area that is not drawn to scale.

5. What is a plan?

Answer:
A plan is a drawing of a small area or building made to scale with accurate measurements.

E. Short Answer Type Questions
1. Briefly explain the physical map.

Answer:
A physical map shows the natural features of the Earth such as mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers and oceans. Different colours are used to show variations in height and depth. These maps help us understand the physical landscape of a place.

2. What is a scale? Classify maps based on scales.
Scale is the ratio between the distance on a map and the actual distance on the ground. Based on scale, maps are classified into large-scale maps and small-scale maps. Large-scale maps show small areas in detail, while small-scale maps show large areas with less detail.

3. What are cardinal directions and intermediate directions?

Answer:
Cardinal directions are the four main directions—North, South, East and West. Intermediate directions lie between the cardinal directions. They are North-East, North-West, South-East and Sout

4. A compass helps to find out the main directions. Explain.

Answer:
A magnetic compass has a needle that always points towards the north direction. By identifying north, we can easily find south, east and west. Therefore, a compass helps people locate directions accurately.

5. Explain the advantages of maps over the globe.

Answer:
Maps are easy to carry and use. They can show small areas in great detail and provide specific information such as climate, population and resources. Maps are more convenient than globes for study and travel purposes

F. Long Answer Type Questions
1. Explain three types of maps in detail.

Answer:
There are three main types of maps—physical maps, political maps and thematic maps. Physical maps show natural features like mountains, rivers and plains. Political maps show cities, states, countries and their boundaries. Thematic maps give specific information related to one theme, such as climate, rainfall, population, crops or industries. Each type of map helps us study different aspects of an area clearly and easily.

2. Discuss the components of a map in detail.

Answer:
The main components of a map are distance, direction and symbols. Distance is shown with the help of a scale, which tells the relationship between map distance and actual ground distance. Direction helps us locate places using cardinal and intermediate directions. Symbols are signs used to represent features such as roads, railways, rivers and buildings. These components make maps easy to read and understand.

3. What do you understand by directions?

Answer:
Directions help us locate places and move from one place to another. The four main directions are North, South, East and West, called cardinal directions. Between them lie the intermediate directions—North-East, North-West, South-East and South-West. Maps usually show north at the top. A compass is often used to identify directions accurately. Directions are very important in map reading and navigation.

4. What are symbols? How do they help to read maps?

Answer:
Symbols are special signs or marks used on maps to represent different features because actual features cannot be drawn on maps. For example, symbols are used for roads, railways, schools, rivers and temples. They make maps simple, neat and easy to understand. Symbols are the same all over the world, so people everywhere can read maps easily without language problems.

5. Differentiate between a sketch and a plan.
Sketch. Plan

(i) A sketch is a (a) A plan is a detailed

rough drawing. drawing

(ii) It is not drawn. (b) It is always

to scale.                                        drawn to scale.
(iii) It may not show             (c) It shows accurate accurate                               .     accurate measurement          .                 measurement

(iv) It is used for giving a      (d) It is used for

general idea of a place. buildings or small
areas in detail.

******************

On Equality, Chapter -1(Social and Political Life) Class -7, Solved exercises.

B. Fill in the blanks
1. In a democracy, all citizens are equal before the law.
2. Dignity refers to thinking of oneself and other persons as worthy of respect.
3. In order to promote equality, untouchability has been abolished by law.
4. The attitude of the people to think of all as equal, changes society.
5. Civil Rights Movement began in 1950s in America.

C. State True or False
1. Our constitution guarantees equality for all citizens.
True
2. The government enacts various policies to ensure equality for all.
True
3. The Mid-day Meal Scheme was started in Andhra Pradesh.
False
4. Attendance of children has improved by the Mid-day Meal Scheme.
True
5. Other countries of the world do not face inequality.
False

II. Short Answer Type Questions
1. State two ways in which Article 15 of our Constitution addresses inequality among citizens.

Answer:
(i) It prohibits discrimination on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
(ii) It allows equal access to public places and opportunities for all citizens.

2. In what ways does the government ensure equality as guaranteed by the Constitution?

Answer:
The government ensures equality by making laws and starting welfare programmes and schemes such as the Mid-day Meal Scheme, free education, and reservation policies.

3. “In daily life, we still find many examples of inequality”. Explain.

Answer:
In daily life, inequality can be seen in:
(i) Poverty and unemployment.
(ii) Discrimination based on caste, religion, or gender.
(iii) Unequal access to education and healthcare.
(iv) Untouchability and social differences in some places.

4. List the advantages of Mid-day Meal Scheme.
Increases school attendance.

Answer:
(i) Reduces hunger among children.
(ii) Promotes equality among students.
(iv) Encourages poor children to attend school.

III. Long Answer Type Questions
1. What do you understand by the term “all persons are equal before the law”? Why is it important in a democracy?

Answer:
“All persons are equal before the law” means every citizen is treated equally by the law. No one is above the law, whether rich or poor.
It is important in a democracy because it gives equal rights and justice to all citizens and prevents discrimination.

2. What are the provisions mentioned in our Constitution with regard to equality among citizens?

Answer
The Constitution provides:
(i) Equality before law for all citizens.
(ii) No discrimination on the basis of religion, caste, sex, race, or place of birth.
(iii) Equal opportunity in government jobs.
(iv) Abolition of untouchability.
(v) Equal access to public places.

3. “In daily life, we still find many examples of inequality”. Explain.

4. List the advantages of Mid-day Meal Scheme.
Increases school attendance.

Answer:
(i) Reduces hunger among children.
(ii) Promotes equality among students.
(v) Encourages poor children to attend school.

Understanding Media,(Social and Political Life), Class -7, Chapter – 6, solved exercises

A. Choose the correct answer.
1. Which one of the following refers to the various ways of communicating information, etc. to the people?
Answer: (b) Media
2. Which one of the following mediums is an example of electronic media?
Answer: (c) Television
3. The form of media that reaches millions of people across the country and the world is called
Answer: (b) Mass Media
4. Which of the following is/are the important role(s) of media in democracy?
Answer: (d) All of these
5. Which one of the following media units is owned by the government?
Answer: (a) The Publication Division
6. The Central Government passed the Right to Information Act in
Answer: (c) 2005
B. Give two examples for each of the following.
1.Personal Media
(a) Telephone
(b) Letter
2. Mass Media
(a) Television
(b) Radio
3. Print Media
(a) Newspaper
(b) Magazine
4. Electronic Media
(a) Television
(b) Internet

C. State True or False
1. Technology that media uses keeps changing.
Answer: True
2. Media does not influence our opinions.
Answer: False
3. Media earns money through advertisements.
Answer: True
4. Newspapers are an example of electronic media.
Answer: False
5. It is important for media to present a balanced report.
Answer: True

II. Short Answer Type Questions
1. Discuss the role of technology in media.
Answer: Technology helps media to spread information quickly and widely through television, internet, mobile phones and social media. It makes communication faster and easier.

2. “The mass media unit requires a huge amount of money to do its work.” Justify the statement with the help of examples.
Answer: Mass media needs a lot of money for printing newspapers, running TV channels, buying machines, paying workers and broadcasting programmes. For example, television channels and newspaper companies spend large amounts on technology and advertisements.

3. Analyse the role of the media in providing information to the people.
Answer: Media informs people about national and international events, government policies, disasters, sports and entertainment. It helps people stay aware and make informed decisions.

3. The government initiatives to reduce inequality in our daily life work very slowly. Give reasons why.

Answer
Government initiatives work slowly because:
(i) Social discrimination and old traditions still exist.
(ii) Poverty and illiteracy continue in many areas.
People’s attitudes do not change quickly.

4. Why do you think that inequality is a world phenomenon? Explain.

Answer:
Inequality is a world phenomenon because in many countries people face differences based on wealth, race, caste, gender, religion, and education. Rich and poor people do not get equal opportunities everywhere.

III. Long Answer Type Questions
1. What are the important roles of the media in democracy? Discuss.
Answer: Media plays an important role in democracy by providing information, creating public awareness, discussing social issues and helping people express their opinions. It also keeps a check on the government and informs citizens about their rights and duties.

2. Explain how you think the media creates public opinion.
Answer: Media creates public opinion by showing news, discussions, interviews and reports on important issues. People form opinions after watching, reading or listening to these reports and discussions.

3. Discuss the positive and negative effects of the agenda set by the media.
Answer:
Positive effects: Media spreads awareness, educates people and highlights important issues.
Negative effects: Sometimes media may show biased news, spread rumours or focus only on sensational topics for profit.

4. Why do you think the media is the fourth pillar of democracy? Explain.
Answer: Media is called the fourth pillar of democracy because it informs people, protects freedom of speech and keeps a check on the government. It helps citizens know the truth and participate in democracy.

5. “In reality, the media is far from independent”. Give reasons in support of your answer.
Answer: Many media houses are controlled by big business groups and depend on advertisements for money. Sometimes political pressure and business interests influence the news, so media may not always remain fully independent.

The Indian Constitution, Chapter -1,( social and political life) Class-8, solved exercises.

A. Choose the correct answer
1. Which one of the following refers to a fundamental legal document according to which the government of a country functions?
Answer: (b) Constitution

2. Every law enacted by the government has to be in conformity with the
Answer: (c) Constitution

3. Which one of the following refers to an introduction in which the purpose of the Constitution is given?
Answer: (a) Preamble

4. Which one of the following is/are the feature(s) of our Constitution?
Answer: (d) All of these

5. Which one of the following refers to the country free from external control?
Answer: (a) Sovereign

6. India has governments in the states and at the centre that shows that it has
Answer: (b) a federal system of government

B. Match Column A with Column B
1. Right to Equality → (iii) Untouchability has been abolished
2. Cultural & Educational Rights → (iv) Right to minorities to establish their educational institutions
3. Right to Freedom → (ii) Right to form associations
4. Right against Exploitation → (i) Prohibition of forced labour
Correct option: (d)
1-(iii), 2-(iv), 3-(ii), 4-(i)

C. State True or False
(i) Our Constitution enumerates our rights and duties.
Answer: True
(ii) It is not our duty to respect the Constitution.
Answer: False

(iii) It is not essential that every law enacted by the government should be in conformity with the Constitution.
Answer: False
(iv) Most countries in the world do not have a Constitution.
Answer: False
(v) India has a parliamentary form of government.
Answer: True

II. Short Answer Type Questions
1. There is a provision of check and balance in our Constitution. Explain.

Answer:
The Indian Constitution provides a system of checks and balances among the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary. Each organ keeps a check on the powers of the others so that no organ becomes too powerful or misuses its authority.

2. What are the roles of a Constitution in a country? Explain any two.

Answer:
(i) It lays down the basic rules and laws according to which the government functions.
(ii) It protects the rights and freedoms of the citizens.

3. Justify that India is a sovereign democratic republic.

Answer:
India is sovereign because it is free from external control. It is democratic because the people elect their government through elections. It is a republic because the head of the state is elected and not a hereditary ruler.

4. Explain any two Fundamental Rights.

Answer:
Right to Equality – All citizens are equal before the law and discrimination is prohibited.
Right to Freedom – Citizens have freedom of speech, movement, residence and profession.

III. Long Answer Type Questions
1. Why does a democratic country need a Constitution?

Answer:
A democratic country needs a Constitution because it lays down the basic principles and rules for governance. It defines the powers and functions of the government and protects the Fundamental Rights of citizens. It also ensures justice, equality and liberty for all people. The Constitution prevents misuse of power by providing checks and balances among different organs of government.

2. Discuss the various features of the Indian Constitution.

Answer:
Main features of the Indian Constitution are:
(i) Written Constitution – It is a detailed written document.
(ii) Sovereign – India is free from external control.
(iii) Socialist – The government works for social and economic equality.
(iv) Secular – All religions are treated equally.
(v) Democratic – People elect their representatives through elections.
(vi) Republic – The head of the state is elected.
(vii) Federal System – Powers are divided between the Centre and the States.
(viii) Fundamental Rights – Citizens are given basic rights and freedoms.

3. Define Secularism. How can you say that India is a secular state? Explain.

Answer
Secularism means that the state does not favour any one religion and treats all religions equally.
India is a secular state because:
(i) Citizens are free to follow any religion of their choice.
(ii) The government does not promote any particular religion.
(iii) All religions are given equal respect before the law.
(iv) The Constitution guarantees freedom of religion to all citizens.

Crusoe Builds A House, Lesson – 4, Class-3, Solved exercises.

A. Multiple-Choice Questions
The fence that Robinson Crusoe made was
(c) a little higher than his head
Robinson made his tent from the
(c) sails
He made his house on a high place so that he could
(d) watch for ships
The word that means “sufficient” is
(b) enough
“Made up my mind” means
(a) decided

B. Answer the Following Questions
1. What type of house did Robinson Crusoe want to make?
Answer: Robinson Crusoe wanted to make a strong and safe house near fresh water that could protect him from rain, heat, and wild animals.

2. Why did Crusoe want to build the house on a high place?
Answer: Crusoe wanted to build the house on a high place so that he could watch for ships.

3. Why wouldn’t the sun shine much on the house?
Answer: The sun would not shine much on the house because it was built on the north side of the hill.

4. Why did Crusoe cut down many small trees?
Answer: Crusoe cut down many small trees to make a strong fence around his house for safety.

5. With what did Crusoe make the tent?
Answer: Crusoe made the tent with the sails taken from the ship.
6. When did Crusoe feel safe?
Answer: Crusoe felt safe after he closed the opening in the fence and pulled the ladder inside.

C.Circle the Correct Spelling
1. sellor / sailor / sailer / seller
2. taleor / taelor / tailor / tailer
3. continuously / continously / continosly / continusly
4. presense / presence / precence / presance

Answer:

1. sailor
2. tailor
3. continuously
4. presence

Grasping Grammar
A. Give the Opposites
Word.             Opposite

unsafe.          safe

lost.                found

south.             north

full.                 empty

lower.             higher

outside.          inside

B. Write the Plurals
Singular.             Plural

branch.               branches

rope.                    ropes

house.                 houses

ladder.                ladders

Life in Deserts, Chapter – 7, Social science, Class – 7, solved exercises.

B. Match the option that matches Column A with Column B
1.Camel → (iv) Ship of desert
2. Ladakh → (iii) India
3. Sand dunes → (ii) Sahara
4. Sahara → (i) Africa

C. Give one word answer for the following
1. The world’s largest desert — Sahara
2. The longest river in the world — Nile
3. The main river in Ladakh — Indus
4. Name of a Buddhist monastery in Ladakh — Hemis
5. A nomadic tribe of Sahara Desert — Tuaregs

D. State True or False
1. Sahara lies in North America. — False
2.Sahara has freezing nights and very hot days. — True
3.Sahara was always a dry desert. — False
4. Ladakh is a hot desert. — False
5. Robin is a species of birds. — True

Short Answer Type Questions
1. Write a note on the topography and climatic conditions of the Sahara Desert.

Answer:
The Sahara Desert is the world’s largest hot desert located in Africa. It has sand dunes, rocky plateaus, gravel plains and mountains. The climate is extremely hot and dry with very little rainfall. Days are very hot while nights become very cold.

2. Write a few lines on the people of the Sahara Desert.

Answer:
The people of the Sahara Desert are mostly nomads such as the Tuaregs and Bedouins. They rear animals like camels, goats and sheep. People wear loose clothes to protect themselves from heat and sandstorms. Oasis regions support farming and settlements.

3. “Life in the Sahara Desert is changing day-by-day.” How? Justify the statement.

Answer:
Modern technology, roads, transport and communication have changed life in the Sahara Desert. Discovery of oil and minerals has increased economic activities. Better healthcare, education and tourism have also improved living conditions.

4. What do you know about the location and tourism of the Ladakh Desert?

Answer:
Ladakh is a cold desert situated in the northern part of India in the state of Ladakh. It lies between the Karakoram Range and the Zanskar Range. Tourists visit Ladakh for its beautiful mountains, monasteries, glaciers and adventure sports like trekking.

5. Write a short note on the flora and fauna of the Ladakh region.

Answer:
Ladakh has sparse vegetation because of the cold climate. Willow, poplar and fruit trees like apple and apricot grow there. Animals found in Ladakh include yak, sheep, goats, wild goats and snow leopard. Birds like raven and hoopoe are also seen.

III. Long Answer Type Questions
1. Describe the soil and water conservation techniques practised by the people of Ladakh.

Answer:
People of Ladakh practise various methods to conserve soil and water because water is scarce there. They store melting glacier water in tanks and channels for irrigation. Small canals are made to carry water to fields. Trees and grasses are planted to prevent soil erosion. People use water carefully and avoid wastage.

2. Give a brief account of the largest desert of the world.

Answer:
The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world and is located in Africa. It covers many countries such as Algeria, Egypt, Libya and Sudan. The desert has sand dunes, rocky plateaus and mountains. The climate is very hot and dry with very little rainfall. Vegetation includes cactus, date palms and acacia trees. Animals like camels, goats and foxes are found there.
3. Why do you think cactus and thorny bushes are the characteristic vegetation of deserts?

Answer:
Cactus and thorny bushes can survive in dry conditions with very little water. Their leaves are reduced to thorns to reduce water loss. Thick stems store water for long periods. Deep roots help them absorb water from the soil quickly.

4. Give reasons why the people of Sahara Desert wear heavy robes.

Answer:
People of the Sahara wear heavy robes to protect themselves from the hot sun, dry winds and sandstorms. The loose robes also help keep the body cool during the day and warm at night.
5. Zoji La pass plays a significant role in the Ladakh region. How?

Answer:
Zoji La is an important mountain pass that connects Ladakh with Kashmir. It helps in transportation, trade and tourism. The pass is also important for defence and movement of goods and people.

IV. Source Based Questions
1. In which country is Ladakh situated?
Answer: (c) India
2. The main attractions in Ladakh are
Answer: (d) All of these
3. The capital of Ladakh is
Answer: (a) Leh
4. Which fruits are grown in Ladakh in summers?
Answer: (d) All of these

******************

Natural Disasters and Mitigation, Chapter – 10, Social Studies, Class – 5, solved exercises.

A. Answers to the MCQs
1. Which of the following is not a natural disaster?
Answer: (c) Accident
2. Which of the following statements regarding flood is wrong?
Answer: (c) It occurs only in hilly areas.
3. The scarcity of water causes:
Answer: (d) drought
4. Cyclones are frequent in the ________.
Answer: (b) coastal areas
5. Which of the following types of media help in connecting people during disasters?
Answer: (d) all of these

B. Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. What does epidemics mean?
Answer: Epidemics are diseases that spread on a very large scale and affect many people in a short time.

2. Name any two organisations that provide relief and support during natural calamities.
Answer: Red Cross and NGOs.

3. Who help in maintaining law and order during natural calamities?
Answer: The police and armed forces help in maintaining law and order.

4. What is drought?
Answer: Drought is a condition caused by scarcity of rainfall and water for a long period.
5. Name the areas affected by the cyclones.
Answer: Coastal areas are mainly affected by cyclones.

C. Short Answer Type Questions
1. What are the results of droughts?
Answer: Droughts cause scarcity of water and food grains. Crops fail, animals suffer, and people face many hardships.

2. What are the reasons of cyclones?
Answer: Cyclones occur due to low-pressure systems over the sea where winds move at very high speed.

3. List five agencies that help during a natural disaster.
Answer:
Police
Armed forces
NGOs
Red Cross
Medical teams

4. How can a community be helpful during a disaster?
Answer: A community can help by rescuing people, providing food, clothes, shelter, medicines, and supporting affected families.

5. Give a short note on the post calamitic impacts.
Answer: Natural disasters cause heavy loss of life and property. They may also lead to diseases, shortage of food and water, and damage to roads, houses, and crops.

D. Fill in the blanks
1. In hilly areas, heavy rains cause landslides.
2. The main occupation of people is agriculture in India.
3. There is a great difference between temperature and pressure conditions on land and sea in cyclone prone areas.
4. Earthquakes are caused by disturbances within the earth.
5. Epidemics are caused due to unhygienic conditions after disasters.
6. Televisions, radio and newspapers play an important role in connecting people.
7. Natural disasters cause a great damage to life and property.

E. Correctly Match List I with List II
List I.List II
(i) Floods
(d) excessive rain

(ii) Droughts
(e) scarcity of food

(iii) Epidemics
(b) cholera, plague, measles

(iv) Armed forces
(c) rescue operation

(v) UNDMT
(a) rehabilitation of disaster-affected people

*******************

Introduction to History, (History) Class – 6, chapter -1, solved exercises.

A. Choose the correct answer
1. Which of the following is the period of history for which there are no written records?
Answer: (a) Prehistory
2. What is the study of coins known as?
Answer: (c) Numismatics
3. Among the following ancient scripts, which script has not been deciphered yet?
Answer: (c) Harappan
4. The Vedas, the Buddhist Tripitakas, the Jain Angas, Ramayana, and Mahabharata are examples of which of the following?
Answer: (a) Sacred literature
5. Which of the following is the reference point from which dates are counted?
Answer: (a) Birth of Jesus Christ

B. Write T for True and F for False statements
1. Two events for which we have no written records are the discovery of fire and the invention of the wheel.
Answer: T
2. A person who excavates and studies the material remains of the past is known as an archaeologist.
Answer: T
3. The Vedas are an example of secular literature.
Answer: F
4. The study of inscriptions is called numismatics.
Answer: F
5. Temples, forts, palaces and other buildings are referred to as artefacts.
Answer: F

C. Fill in the blanks
1. The study of the past is known as History.
2. Manuscripts were written on palm leaves and on the bark of birch trees.
3. Literary sources refer to written accounts from the past.
4. Monuments, coins, tools, weapons, pottery and jewellery are examples of archaeological sources.
5. Abhijnanasakuntalam by Kalidasa is an example of secular literature.

D. Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. Briefly explain the term “Common Era” (CE).
Answer: Common Era (CE) refers to the period counted from the birth of Jesus Christ and is used in the modern calendar system.

2. What are manuscripts?
Answer: Manuscripts are handwritten records or documents written on materials like palm leaves, bark, cloth or paper.

3. Define archaeology.
Answer: Archaeology is the study of the past through material remains such as tools, coins, pottery and buildings.

4. Give three examples of secular sources.
Answer: Abhijnanasakuntalam, Arthashastra and travel accounts are examples of secular sources.

5. Suppose you are living in 2025 CE. Mention the year of an event that happened 2025 years ago.
Answer: The event happened in 1 BCE.

E. Short Answer Type Questions
1. Why is the study of the past important?
Answer: The study of the past helps us understand how people lived, worked and developed societies. It teaches us about culture, traditions and important events. History also helps us learn from past mistakes and achievements.

2. How do geographical factors play an important role in shaping the history of a region or country?
Answer: Geographical factors like mountains, rivers, climate and soil affect people’s lives, occupations and settlements. Fertile land helps farming, while rivers support transport and trade. Thus, geography influences the development of civilizations.

3. What are the causes of cultural diversity?
Answer: Cultural diversity is caused by differences in language, religion, food habits, clothing, climate and traditions. Migration, trade and interaction among people of different regions also increase cultural diversity.

4. How are dates calculated in history?
Answer: Dates in history are calculated from the birth of Jesus Christ. Years before his birth are called BCE and years after his birth are called CE.

5. Suppose you are a historian. What are the sources that you will use to write history?
Answer: A historian uses literary and archaeological sources such as manuscripts, inscriptions, coins, monuments, tools, pottery and travel accounts to write history.

F. Long Answer Type Questions
1. What are the different sources of history?
Answer:
The sources of history are mainly divided into two types—literary sources and archaeological sources. Literary sources include manuscripts, religious books, secular literature and travel accounts. Archaeological sources include inscriptions, coins, monuments, tools, pottery, jewellery and buildings. Historians study these sources carefully to understand the life, culture, economy and administration of people in the past. These sources help us reconstruct history and learn about ancient civilizations.

2. What are the types of literary sources? Discuss them in detail.
Answer:
Literary sources are written records of the past. They are mainly of two types—religious and secular literature. Religious literature includes the Vedas, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Tripitakas and Jain Angas. These books provide information about religion and society. Secular literature includes plays, poems, biographies, travel accounts and books like Arthashastra and Abhijnanasakuntalam. These sources help historians understand politics, economy, culture and daily life of people.

3. What are archaeological sources? Explain how archaeologists use sources to reconstruct the past.
Answer:
Archaeological sources are material remains of the past such as coins, tools, pottery, inscriptions, monuments and jewellery. Archaeologists excavate ancient sites and carefully study these objects. By examining them, they learn about people’s lifestyle, occupation, trade, culture and religion. Coins provide information about rulers and economy, while inscriptions tell about important events. Thus, archaeological sources help reconstruct the history of ancient civilizations.

4. Despite lack of road and transportation, people travelled from one part of the subcontinent to another. Discuss the reasons.
Answer:
People travelled in ancient times for many reasons even though transport facilities were limited. Traders travelled to exchange goods and earn profit. Pilgrims travelled to visit religious places. Scholars and students travelled to gain knowledge. Kings and soldiers travelled for administration and wars. Some people also travelled in search of better opportunities and new settlements. Rivers, mountain passes and sea routes helped them move from one region to another.

G. Differentiate between the following
1. Prehistory and History
Prehistory. . History

Period without Period with writen

written records. . Records

Information is obtained. Information is

from archaeological obtained from

sources. Written and

archaeological sources

2. Manuscripts and Inscriptions

Manuscripts. Inscriptions
Handwritten documents Writings carved on Written on palm leaves, stone,matel,pillars.

bark or paper. Permanent and

long lasting.

3. Archaeological and Literary Sources of History

Archaeological Sources. Literary Sources
Material remains of the Written records

past. of the past.

Examples: coins, pottery, examples:

tools. manuscripts,

religious books.

Globes and Maps Help Us, Class – 5, Social Studies solved exercises

A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Q1. Large landmasses of the earth are known as:
👉 Ans: (c) Continents
Q2. It is the true model of the earth.
👉 Ans: (d) Globe
Q3. Which of the following maps shows different countries and their political divisions?
👉 Ans: (b) Political maps
Q4. It is not a cardinal direction.
👉 Ans: (c) South-west
Q5. Which of the following statements regarding the scale is wrong?
👉 Ans: (c) Scale shows the distance between the same places on the ground

B. Very Short Answer Questions
Q1. Define the term map.
👉 Ans: A map is a drawing of the Earth or a part of it on a flat surface.
Q2. Write down the cardinal directions.
👉 Ans: North, South, East, and West.
Q3. What do you know about physical maps?
👉 Ans: Physical maps show natural features like mountains, rivers, plains, and plateaus.
Q4. What is a large scale map?
👉 Ans: A large scale map shows a small area in detail.

Q5. Which colour is used to show water on the maps?
👉 Ans: Blue colour.
C. Short Answer Questions
Q1. Differentiate between the map and a sketch.
👉 Ans:
A map is drawn according to scale and is accurate.
A sketch is not drawn to scale and is rough.

Q2. What do you know about the sub-directions?
👉 Ans: Sub-directions are directions between the main directions, such as North-East, North-West, South-East, and South-West.
Q3. Give a short account on the different types of maps.
👉 Ans:
There are three main types of maps:
Physical maps (show natural features)
Political maps (show countries and boundaries)
Thematic maps (show specific information like climate, population)

Q4. What are the significances of the conventional symbols?
👉 Ans: Conventional symbols help us understand maps easily by representing features like roads, rivers, and buildings with signs.

✏️ Short Answer Type Questions
1. Differentiate between a map and a sketch.

Answer:
Map:
A map is a drawing of the Earth or a part of it made with proper scale and directions. It is accurate.
Sketch:
A sketch is a rough drawing without scale. It is not very accurate and is drawn from memory.

2. What do you know about sub-directions?
Sub-directions are the directions between the main (cardinal) directions.
They are:
North-East (NE)
North-West (NW)
South-East (SE)
South-West (SW)
They help us to find locations more accurately.

3. Give a short account of the different types of maps.
There are three main types of maps:
Physical maps – show natural features like mountains, rivers, plains
Political maps – show countries, states, cities and boundaries
Thematic maps – show specific information like rainfall, population, crops

4. What are the significances of conventional symbols?
Conventional symbols are standard symbols used on maps to represent features like roads, rivers, buildings, etc.
Importance:

Make maps easy to understand
Help people from different places read maps easily
Save space and time
Provide clear information without writing long descriptions.

D. Compare the following
Q1. Political and Physical maps
👉 Ans:
Political maps show countries, states, and boundaries.
Physical maps show natural features like mountains, rivers, and plains.
Q2. Physical and Thematic maps
👉 Ans:
Physical maps show natural features.
Thematic maps show specific information like climate, population, or rainfall.

Q3. Cardinal and sub-directions
👉 Ans:
Cardinal directions are North, South, East, and West.
Sub-directions are North-East, North-West, South-East, and South-West.

Q4. Map and Sketch
👉 Ans:
A map is drawn to scale and is accurate.
A sketch is not drawn to scale and is rough.

E. Fill in the blanks
1. A map which has no scale is called a sketch.
2. A globe is the model of the earth.
3. The water-bodies are shown in blue colour.
4. North is always towards the top of the map.
5. A map can be read easily through its symbols.
6. Scale is the ratio between map distance and ground distance.

F. Correctly match List I with List II
(I) Mosque → (b) symbol (picture)
(ii) Statement Scale → (e) 1 cm : 1 km
(iii) Post Office → (d) P.O.
(iv) Metalled Road → (a) dashed line
(v) International Boundary → (c) line

G. True / False
1. A map is a store house of information.
👉 True
2. Light blue colour is used to show deep water on the map.
👉 False (Dark blue shows deep water)
3. Large waterbodies of the earth surface are called oceans.
👉 True
4. A book of maps is called cartography.
👉 False (It is called an atlas)

H. Write the correct word
1. It is the science of map-making.
👉 Cartography
2. In this method a line is divided into a few equal parts.
👉 Linear scale
3. It shows large areas of the earth.
👉 Small scale map
4. It is the model of the earth.
👉 Globe

********************

I Wish I Were, Class 3, Subject – English, solved exercises.

A. Multiple-Choice Questions
The child goes to school at
👉 (b) 10 am
The man who sells the crystal bangles in the poem is a
👉 (a) vendor
At 4 o’clock the child returns from the
👉 (c) garden
The word that means ‘to make’ is
👉 (b) soil
The child does not want anyone to stop him from
👉 (c) digging

B. Read, Think and Answer
1. What does the bangle-seller cries out?
👉 The bangle-seller cries, “Bangles, crystal bangles!”

2. Which two things attract the child when he sees the gardener digging the ground?
👉 The child is attracted by:
The gardener’s spade
The act of digging the soil

3. When does the child return from school?
👉 The child returns at 4 o’clock in the afternoon.

4. At what time do you return from school?

👉 I return from school at 2.20P.M in the afternoon.

5. How does the child want to spend his day if he becomes a hawker?
👉 He wants to move freely and sell things like a hawker without anyone stopping him.

7. What do you wish to become?

👉 I wish to become a teacher.
OR
👉 I wish to become a doctor.

C. Match the following words to their meaning
soils → (2) makes dirty
lonely → (1) to be alone
spade → (4) instrument used for digging
hawker → (3) one who sells things in a street

D. Match the following persons to their right names
A person who makes machines → Engineer
One who flies an aeroplane → Pilot
One who treats our teeth → Dentist
One who issues and takes back books in a library → Librarian
A person who edits newspapers → Editor
A person who sells tea, sugar → Grocer
One who cures bones → Orthopaedist
One who examines eyes and provides spectacles → Optician

E. Circle the correct spelling
👉 beginning
👉 hawker
👉 quarrel
👉 gardener

Grasping Grammar–

A. Rewrite the sentences using capital letters
Q1. rohan wants to become a golfer.
👉 Ans: Rohan wants to become a golfer.
Q2. he met his friend rahul.
👉 Ans: He met his friend Rahul.
Q3. we went to nagpur to meet an old aunt.
👉 Ans: We went to Nagpur to meet an old aunt.
Q4. my friend is from bihar.
👉 Ans: My friend is from Bihar.

B. Collective Noun (Examples)
Q1. What is a collective noun?
👉 Ans: A collective noun is the name of a group of people, animals, or things taken together.
Q2. Give examples of collective nouns.
👉 Ans:
A colony of ants
A swarm of bees
A pride of lions
An army of soldiers
A bouquet of flowers
A bunch of grapes

****************