A. Choose the correct answer
1. The central legislature of our country is the:
(a) Supreme Court
(b) High Court
(c) Parliament
(d) None of these
Answer: (c) Parliament
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2. The branch that ensures that the laws are enforced is the:
(a) Legislature
(b) Executive
(c) Judiciary
(d) State government
Answer: (b) Executive
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3. In India, women were given the right to vote in:
(a) 1918
(b) 1952
(c) 1930
(d) 1920
Answer: (b) 1952
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4. ANC is a political party in:
(a) South Africa
(b) India
(c) Egypt
(d) None of these
Answer: (a) South Africa
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5. Adolf Hitler was the head of a:
(a) Dictatorship
(b) Monarchy
(c) Anarchy
(d) Democracy
Answer: (a) Dictatorship
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B. Write T for True and F for False statements
1. The Supreme Court is the highest court of India.
Answer: T
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2. The Parliament consists of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.
Answer: T
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3. The judiciary functions through a system of courts.
Answer: T
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4. The right to vote is known as the Suffragette Movement.
Answer: F
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5. Apartheid was officially abolished in 1994 in South Africa.
Answer: T
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C. Fill in the blanks
1. ________ is the law-making branch of the government.
Answer: Legislature
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2. The ________ is the government at the national level.
Answer: Parliament
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3. ________ was imprisoned for 27 years for fighting against apartheid.
Answer: Nelson Mandela
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4. The right to vote is called ________.
Answer: Franchise (or Suffrage)
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5. The first elections were held in India in ________.
Answer: 1952
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D. Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. Define government
Answer: Government is an organization or system through which laws are made, enforced, and justice is administered in a country.
2. Who can vote in an election in India?
Answer: All Indian citizens aged 18 years or above, irrespective of gender, caste, religion, or wealth, can vote.
3. In India, how many levels does the government have?
Answer: India has three levels of government โ central, state, and local.
4. Name the three organs of the government.
Answer: Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary.
5. Name the different types of government.
Answer: Democracy, Monarchy, Dictatorship.
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E. Short Answer Type Questions (50โ60 words)
1. Examine the need for government.
Answer: Government is needed to maintain law and order, provide security, and manage resources for the welfare of the people. It ensures justice, protects rights, builds infrastructure, and regulates relations with other countries. Without government, society would lack structure and face chaos.
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2. What are the functions of the government?
Answer: The government makes laws, enforces them, and ensures justice. It provides public services like education, healthcare, and transport. It collects taxes to fund development and protects citizens from external and internal threats. It also plans economic development and maintains foreign relations.
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3. Discuss the working of different organs of the government.
Answer: The government has three organs:
i) Legislature: Makes laws.
ii) Executive: Implements and enforces laws.
iii) Judiciary: Interprets laws and delivers justice.
These organs work separately but cooperate to ensure smooth governance and prevent misuse of power.
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4. Explain the concept of Universal Adult Franchise.
Answer: Universal Adult Franchise means every adult citizen has the right to vote in elections, irrespective of gender, caste, religion, or wealth. In India, every citizen above 18 years can vote. It ensures equality and is an important feature of democracy.
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5. Differentiate between monarchy and democratic forms of government.
Answer: Monarchy: Power lies with a king or queen; citizens have little role in decision-making.
Democracy: Power lies with elected representatives; citizens participate through voting.
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F. Long Answer Type Questions (80โ100 words)
1. Describe the Suffragette Movement.
Answer: The Suffragette Movement was a campaign for womenโs right to vote. It began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, mainly in the UK and USA. Women protested, organized rallies, and faced imprisonment to gain equal voting rights. This movement spread worldwide and inspired similar campaigns in other countries, including India. It helped achieve womenโs suffrage, a crucial step toward gender equality in politics.
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2. Explain in detail the working of the three types of government.
Answer: There are three main types of government:
i) Democracy: People elect their representatives. Power lies with the citizens.
ii) Monarchy: A king or queen rules, power is inherited. Citizens have limited rights.
iii) Dictatorship: A single leader holds complete power, often gained through force. Citizens have no role in governance.
Each type functions differently, affecting peopleโs freedom and rights.
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3. Write a note on the anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa.
Answer: The anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa was a fight against racial segregation and discrimination imposed by the white minority government. Nelson Mandela became a prominent leader of this movement. He spent 27 years in prison for opposing apartheid. After years of protests and international pressure, apartheid was abolished in 1994, and South Africa held its first multiracial elections, making Mandela the first Black president.
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4. Justify that democracy is the best form of government.
Answer: Democracy is considered the best form of government because it is based on equality and freedom. Citizens elect their representatives and participate in decision-making. It protects fundamental rights, ensures accountability, and promotes welfare. Unlike monarchy or dictatorship, democracy prevents misuse of power and allows peaceful change of leadership through elections.
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G. Differentiate between the following
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1. State government and National government
Answer: State Government:
i) It looks after the administration of a specific state.
ii) It makes laws on matters listed in the State List such as police, agriculture, and local trade.
iii) It is headed by the Chief Minister and the Governor.
National Government:
i) It looks after the administration of the entire country.
ii) It makes laws on matters listed in the Union List such as defence, foreign affairs, and currency.
iii) It is headed by the Prime Minister and the President.
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2. Executive and Legislature
Answer: Executive:
a) The Executive is responsible for implementing and enforcing the laws made by the Legislature.
b) It includes the President, Prime Minister, and the Council of Ministers at the central level.
c) It also manages the day-to-day administration of the country.
Legislature:
a) The Legislature is responsible for making laws for the country.
b) It includes the Parliament at the central level and State Legislative Assemblies at the state level.
c) It represents the will of the people through elected representatives.
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3. Monarchy and Dictatorship
Answer: Monarchy:
i) In a monarchy, the head of the state is a king or queen, and the position is hereditary.
ii) The ruler may have absolute power or limited power depending on the type of monarchy.
Dictatorship:
i) In a dictatorship, a single person holds complete power, usually gained through force or military control.
ii) Citizens do not have freedom to elect their leader or criticize the government.
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