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3. Structure of the Earth, Class – 5, Solved Questions and Answers.

Section A: Tick the correct answer

(All answers are correct ✅)

1. Alfred Wegener – Gave the Continental Drift Theory ✅

2. Crust – Top layer of the Earth ✅

3. Lava – Hot magma that comes out of the volcano ✅

4. Focus – The place where the effect of an earthquake is maximum ✅

Section B: Fill in the blanks

1. The surface of the Earth is made of 29% land and 71% water. ✅

2. Nearly 200 million years ago, all the landmasses formed a supercontinent known as Pangaea. ✅

3. The metals nickel and iron make up the core of the Earth. ✅

4. A tsunami is a series of underwater waves. ✅

Section C: Answer the following questions

1. What is Continental Drift Theory?
Continental Drift Theory was given by Alfred Wegener. It states that all the continents were once joined together as a single landmass called Pangaea, and they slowly drifted apart over millions of years.

2. Write a note on the exterior of the Earth.
The exterior of the Earth is called the crust. It is the outermost and thinnest layer of the Earth. It includes land (continents) and ocean floors and is made up of solid rocks and minerals.

3. Compare slow changes and rapid changes. Give their examples.

Slow changes happen over a long period of time. Example: Mountain formation, weathering.

Rapid changes happen suddenly and quickly. Example: Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods.

4. What is a volcano?
A volcano is an opening in the Earth’s surface through which hot magma, gases, and ash come out. When the magma reaches the surface, it is called lava.

5. How does an earthquake occur?
An earthquake occurs when there is a sudden movement or shaking of the Earth’s crust. This happens due to the release of energy from the Earth’s interior, usually along faults or cracks in the crust.

Section D: Give reasons

1. The core of the Earth is known as NiFe.
The core is made up mainly of two metals – Nickel (Ni) and Iron (Fe). That is why it is called NiFe.

2. Famine is a major consequence of droughts.
During droughts, there is very little or no rainfall for a long time. This causes crops to fail, which leads to a shortage of food. This condition is called famine.

3. Floods are quite common in India.
Floods are common in India because many parts of the country receive heavy rainfall during the monsoon. Rivers overflow, and water spreads over large areas, causing floods.

International Yoga Day celebrated by the teachers and students of Vidya Mandir Public School on 21 June 2025

Markets Around Us, Class- 7, Subject- Social Science,Solved Questions and answers.

Hawkers/Street vendors

E. Very Short Answer Type Questions (20–30 words)

1. What is a market?
Answer: A market is a place where goods and services are exchange between buyers and sellers.

2. Who are the people involved in a market?
Answer: The people involved in a market include buyers, sellers, traders, vendors, and consumers.

3. What is a wholesale market?
Answer: A wholesale market is a place where goods are sold in large quantities, usually to retailers or businesses at lower prices.

4. What is a retail market?
Answer: A retail market is where goods are sold directly to consumers in small quantities for personal use.

5. Who are vendors?
Answer: Vendors are people who sell goods, often on streets, in markets, or door-to-door, buses, and traffic signals.

F. Short Answer Type Questions (50–60 words)

1. Describe departmental stores.
Answer: Departmental stores are large retail establishments that offer a wide range of products under one roof. They are divided into various sections or departments, each selling a specific type of product, such as clothing, electronics, groceries, etc., for consumer convenience.

2. What do you understand by speciality markets?
Answer: Speciality markets are markets that focus on a specific type of product, such as electronics, books, jewellery, or handicrafts. These markets cater to a particular need or interest of customers, offering variety and expertise in that category.

3. Explain franchise outlets.
Answer: Franchise outlets are stores operated by individuals or groups under the brand name of a larger company. The franchisee sells products or services following the company’s established rules, ensuring uniform quality and branding.

4. Discuss who benefits from online shopping.
Answer: Consumers benefit from online shopping as it offers convenience, a wide range of choices, home delivery, and competitive prices. Sellers also benefit by reaching more customers and reducing overhead costs.

5. Examine the importance of advertisement.
Answer: Advertisement is important as it informs consumers about products and services, persuades them to buy, and creates brand awareness. It helps companies reach a wide audience and influences purchasing decisions.

G. Long Answer Type Questions (80–100 words)

1. Elaborate on the factors that influence the functioning of wholesale markets.
Answer: Wholesale markets are influenced by factors such as demand and supply, transportation facilities, storage and warehousing, government policies, and pricing mechanisms. Efficient logistics and communication systems also play a vital role. Wholesale markets function effectively when there is a strong network of buyers and sellers, availability of quality goods, and competitive pricing.

2. Write about different types of retailers.
Answer: Retailers can be classified into different types: departmental stores, chain stores, supermarkets, specialty stores, convenience stores, online retailers, and street vendors. Each type has a unique way of operating, catering to different customer needs, and varying in size, product range, and pricing.

3. What are the factors that help us to choose a market?
Answer: Factors include product availability, pricing, location, quality, variety, reputation, customer service, and convenience. People may also consider cleanliness, safety, and parking availability when choosing a market.

4. Markets play an important role in our lives. Explain.
Answer: Markets are essential for economic activity. They provide goods and services, create employment, support business growth, and ensure the circulation of money. Markets help producers sell their products and allow consumers to get what they need. They also support trade and influence lifestyle and consumption patterns.

H. Higher-Order Thinking Skills

1. Has online shopping affected small traders? Think and answer.
Yes, online shopping has affected small traders by reducing their customer base as many people prefer the convenience and discounts of online purchases. However, some small traders have adapted by selling online.

2. How do you think all franchise outlets of a company are able to maintain the standard of the product or service?
Answer: Franchise outlets follow strict guidelines set by the parent company regarding quality, service, pricing, and branding. Regular training, audits, and standardized supply chains help maintain uniformity across outlets.

From Trade to Territory. The Company Establishes Power, Chapter– 2,Class – Eight, History.

Let’s Recall

1. Match the following:

Column A Column B

(a) Diwani (iii) Right to collect land revenue (b) “Tiger of Mysore” (i) Tipu Sultan

(c) faujdari adalat.   . (iv) criminal court
(d) Rani Channamma (v) Led an anti-British

                                              movement in Kitoor

(e) sipahi. (iii) Sepoy

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2. Fill in the blanks:

(a) The British conquest of Bengal began with the battle of Plassey.

(b) Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan were the rulers of Mysore.

(c) Dalhousie implemented the Doctrine of Lapse.

(d) Maratha kingdoms were located mainly in the western part of India.

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3. State whether true or false:

(a) The Mughal Empire became stronger in the eighteenth century. – False

(b) The English East India Company was the only European company that traded with India. – False

(c) Maharaja Ranjit Singh was the ruler of Punjab. – True

(d) The British did not introduce any administrative changes in the territories they conquered. – False

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Let’s Discuss

4. What attracted European trading companies to India?
Answer — India was rich in spices, cotton, silk, indigo, and other goods that were in great demand in Europe. These products could be bought at low prices in India and sold at high prices in Europe, offering great profits.

5. What were the areas of conflict between the Bengal nawabs and the East India Company?

Answer — The areas of conflict between the bangle nawab and the East India company where as follows (i)The nawabs opposed the Company’s efforts to expand trade privileges and refuse to pay taxes.

(ii) The Company demanded large concessions and refused to pay duties.

(iii) The nawabs accused the Company of dishonesty in trade.

(iv)The Company wanted political control, which threatened the nawabs’ authority.

6. How did the assumption of Diwani benefit the East India Company?
Answer — The Diwani (right to collect revenue) gave the Company control over Bengal’s financial resources. It allowed them to use Indian revenues to finance trade and maintain their army and administration.

7. Explain the system of “subsidiary alliance”.
Answer — The system meant Indian rulers had to:

(a)Keep British forces in their territory.

(b) Pay for their maintenance.

(c) Not enter alliances or declare war without British permission. In return, they received British “protection.” If they failed to comply, they had to cede territory.

8. In what way was the administration of the Company different from that of Indian rulers?

Answer — The Company ruled to serve its own economic and political interests.

Indian rulers ruled as sovereigns with some traditional legitimacy.

The Company implemented new systems of land revenue, justice, and policing that were more bureaucratic and extractive.

9. Describe the changes that occurred in the composition of the Company’s army.

Answer — The Mughal-style cavalry was replaced with European-style infantry.

Indian soldiers were trained in British drill and discipline.

The army became more professional and structured.

European officers led Indian soldiers (sepoys)

Resources, Chapter -1, Social science,,(Geography )Class – VIII

A. Answer the following questions:

1. Why are resources distributed unequally over the earth?
Answer -Resources are not the same everywhere because different places have different landforms, climates, and people. That is why some places have more resources than others.

2. What is resource conservation?
Answer – Resource conservation means using resources carefully and not wasting them, so they last for a long time.

3. Why are human resources important?
Answer – Human resources are important because people have knowledge and skills. They can use other resources wisely to make new things.

4. What is sustainable development?
Answer – Sustainable development means using resources in such a way that we meet our needs now, without harming the needs of future generations.

Extra Questions and Answers:

1. What is a resource?
Answer – A resource is anything that is useful to us and helps to satisfy our needs.

2. What are human-made resources?
Answer – Resources that are made by humans using natural resources are called human-made resources.
Examples: Roads, buildings, machines.

3.What is a renewable resource?
Answer – A renewable resource is one that can be used again and again because it can be replaced naturally.
Examples: Sunlight, wind.

4. What is a non-renewable resource?
Answer – A non-renewable resource is one that cannot be replaced easily. Once it is used, it is gone forever.
Examples: Coal, oil.

5.What are human resources?
Answer – People who use their skills, knowledge, and ideas to create and use resources are called human resources.

6. What is the meaning of utility?
Answer – Utility means usefulness. If something is useful, it has utility.

7.. Why should we conserve resources?
Answer – We should save resources so that they don’t finish and future generations can also use them.

8. What does the word ‘value’ mean in terms of resources?
Answer- Value means the worth or importance of a resource. It can be in terms of money or how useful it is.

Introduction: How, When and Where,Class- 8 ( History)

Let’s Recall

1. State whether true or false:

(a) James Mill divided Indian history into three periods – Hindu, Muslim, Christian.
False
(James Mill divided it into Hindu, Muslim, and British periods.)

(b) Official documents help us understand what the people of the country think.
False
(They only reflect what the officials thought was important.)

(c) The British thought surveys were important for effective administration.
True

2. What is the problem with the periodisation of Indian history that James Mill offers?
Answer: James Mill’s periodisation—Hindu, Muslim, British—is problematic because it is based on religion and ignores the diversity and richness of Indian society. It reflects a Eurocentric view that portrays earlier periods as backward and suggests that only the British brought progress.

3. Why did the British preserve official documents?
Answer: The British believed that writing and maintaining official records was essential for proper and effective administration. They documented every instruction, plan, decision, and policy to ensure control and accountability in governance.

4. How will the information historians get from old newspapers be different from that found in police reports?
Answer: Old newspapers may reflect public opinion, social issues, and everyday events from different perspectives. Police reports, on the other hand, mainly document law-and-order situations, crimes, and administrative concerns. Newspapers provide a broader view, while police reports are limited in scope.

Extra Questions and Answers:

Q1. Who was Warren Hastings and what was his significance in British India?
A: Warren Hastings was the first Governor-General of India, appointed in 1773. He played a crucial role in establishing British control and administration in India.

Q3. What was James Mill’s view of Indian society before British rule?
A: James Mill believed that Indian society under Hindu and Muslim rulers was backward, full of religious intolerance, caste-based discrimination, and superstitions. He thought that British rule would civilize India.

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Q4. Why do historians divide history into periods?
A: Historians divide history into periods to better understand and explain the characteristics of different eras. It helps in organizing historical events in a meaningful way.

Q5. What is meant by the term ‘colonial’?
A: The term ‘colonial’ refers to the period when one country controls another and establishes political, economic, and cultural domination. In Indian history, it refers to the British rule over India and how they restructured every aspect of Indian life.

Q6. Why are official records not enough to understand history?
A: Official records reflect only the viewpoint of British officials and what they thought was important. They ignore the voices of ordinary people, their experiences, and opinions, which are also vital to understanding the past.

Mr Mocking-bird and His Prize Song Lesson -1, English,Class-6, By Royal Dixon

B1. Answer these questions:

1. Why did woodchuck first think that the baby squirrel wanted his food?
Answer:The woodchuck thought that the baby squirrel wanted his food because he arrived early chattering quickly and excitedly.

2. Was Mr Mockingbird truly making fun of the baby squirrel?
Answer:Mr. Mockingbird was not truly making fun of the baby squirrel. He was simply repeating the sounds he heard, which is his natural way of singing. The baby squirrel misunderstood and thought he was being mocked.

3. What was the consequence of Mr Mockingbird’s ability to repeat every song he heard?
Answer:The consequence was that he could remember and repeat every bird’s song, which eventually helped resolve the conflict among birds about which song was the best. His ability made him the best singer in the world.

C1. Think carefully and answer in detail:

1. Find out the definitions of the following:
a) conflict – A serious disagreement or argument, typically a prolonged one.
b) peace – A state or period in which there is no war or conflict; harmony.

2. Identify different types of conflicts (for example, family conflict).

Personal conflict (within oneself)

Interpersonal conflict (between individuals)

Family conflict

Community conflict

Environmental conflict

Political or international conflict

3. How did the advice of the woodchuck ensure that there was peace between the baby squirrel and Mr Mockingbird?
Answer:The woodchuck advised the baby squirrel to learn more and inquire rather than jump to conclusions. This led the squirrel to understand that the mocking-bird wasn’t mocking him, but simply singing. This understanding brought peace.

5. How did the actions of the mocking-bird help to secure peace?
Answer:By remembering and singing all the birds’ songs, the mocking-bird reminded them of their individuality and beauty, leading them to stop competing and appreciate each other’s uniqueness.

D1. Use a physical or online dictionary to find out the meanings of the following words and use them in sentences of your own.

Vocabulary:

1. Ignore – To deliberately pay no attention to something.
Sentence — She chose to ignore the rude comment and walked away calmly.

2. Redirect – To change the direction or focus of something.
Sentence — The teacher redirected the conversation to the main topic.

3. Reassure – To comfort or give confidence to someone.
Sentence — He reassured his friend that everything would be fine.

4. Passive – Accepting things without active response or resistance.
Sentence — She remained passive during the argument.

5. Aggressive – Ready or likely to attack or confront.
Sentence — His aggressive tone scared the younger students.

6. Assertive – Confident and forceful without being aggressive.
Sentence — Being assertive helps in expressing your thoughts clearly.

7. Perspective – A particular attitude or way of viewing something.
Sentence — Try to see the problem from a different perspective.

8. Compromise – A mutual agreement where each side gives up something.
Sentence –They reached a compromise to settle the disagreement.

9. Assumption – A thing that is accepted as true without proof.
Sentence — His assumption about her behavior was wrong.

10. Avoidance – The act of keeping away from something.
Sentence — Avoidance of difficult tasks leads to stress.

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Conflict-related Phrases:

1. Conflict resolution – Finding a peaceful solution to a disagreement.
Sentence – Good communication is key to conflict resolution.

2. Win-win conflict resolution – A solution where all parties benefit.
Sentence – They used win-win conflict resolution to divide the project fairly.

3. Be accepting – To welcome or tolerate different views.
Sentence – We must be accepting of others’ opinions during a discussion.

4. Setting expectations – Clearly stating what is hoped for or required.
Sentence – Setting expectations early prevents misunderstandings.

5. Suggest alternatives – Offer different options or solutions.
Sentence – She suggested alternatives when the original plan failed.

6. Rolling eyes – A gesture of annoyance or disbelief.
Sentence – He rolled his eyes when asked to clean up again.

7. Looking down – To think someone is less important or worthy.
Sentence – It’s not kind to look down on people because of their job.

How to celebrate Durga Puja in Assam

This is an artist group came from another village

The Bishnupriya Manipuri community celebrates Durga Puja with a unique blend of Bengali, Assamese, and Manipuri cultural influences, deeply rooted in their Vaishnavite traditions and devotional lifestyle. Here’s an overview of how they typically observe Durga Puja:

1. Pre-Puja Preparations

Cleaning and decorating homes – like in many Indian communities, the festival begins with preparing the household.
Setting up pandals (temporary shrines) – in community areas or temples.
Idol installation – In some areas, traditional clay idols of Maa Durga are installed, though in smaller towns or villages, symbolic worship may be more common.

2. Rituals and Worship

Bishnupriya Manipuris follow Vaishnavism, so Durga Puja is sometimes observed with a devotional twist—offering prayers not only to Goddess Durga but also integrating rituals for Lord Krishna or Vishnu.
Chanting and bhajans – Devotional songs are sung in the Bishnupriya Manipuri language, often blending Vaishnavite themes.
Offerings (Bhog) – Special vegetarian dishes, fruits, sweets (like kheer, luchi, halwa), and sometimes traditional Manipuri dishes are offered.
Aarti – With conch shells (shankha) and incense, especially in the evening.

3. Cultural Programs

Dance performances – Classical Raas Leela or Manipuri dance might be performed during the evenings.
Drama and natak – Local clubs or youth groups may perform mythological stories.
Community feasts – The community gathers for meals, especially on Maha Ashtami and Navami.

4. Immersion or Conclusion

On Dashami (the last day), if there’s an idol, the immersion (Visarjan) takes place in a local water body, accompanied by music and chants.

Some communities end with Sindoor Khela (sindoor play among married women), though this is more prominent in Bengali celebrations.

Unique Aspects in Bishnupriya Manipuri Style:

Language and songs used are in the Bishnupriya Manipuri dialect.
Fusion of Vaishnavite rituals with Durga Puja traditions.
More devotional simplicity in rural areas compared to the grandeur seen in urban Bengali communities.

Would you like a sample itinerary or celebration plan if you’re organizing a Bishnupriya Manipuri-style Durga Puja? I can help draft one!

An Essay on ‘The Cow’

Ten lines about my parents

Today I’m very happy to write about my parents,

This is my love and respect to my parents,though they are passed away,but they alive in my heart forever,lov you maa and papa.

1. My parents are my greatest source of inspiration and support.

2. They work hard to provide for our family and always prioritize our happiness.

3. My father is kind, disciplined, and a great role model.

4. My mother is caring, loving, and always ready to help others.

5. They teach me the importance of honesty and respect.

6. My parents encourage me to follow my dreams and never give up.

7. They always listen to my problems and give the best advice.

8. Our family enjoys spending time together and creating beautiful memories.

9. They have taught me the value of education and hard work.

10. I am truly grateful for their unconditional love and support.